Knowing when and where to farm materials for talents, characters, and weapon ascensions will allow you to successfully plan ahead of time how to best invest your daily Resin. Below are the daily rotations for every item needed. You can farm every day-specific items on Sundays but it's less efficient because you will have a chance of getting any of them.
Character Talents Materials

Admonition
Monday, Thursday

Freedom
Monday, Thursday

Prosperity
Monday, Thursday

Transience
Monday, Thursday

Diligence
Tuesday, Friday

Elegance
Tuesday, Friday

Ingenuity
Tuesday, Friday

Resistance
Tuesday, Friday

Ballad
Wednesday, Saturday

Gold
Wednesday, Saturday

Light
Wednesday, Saturday

Praxis
Wednesday, Saturday

Bloodjade Branch
Azhdaha

Dragon Lord's Crown
Azhdaha

Gilded Scale
Azhdaha

Tail of Boreas
Andrius

Ring of Boreas
Andrius

Spirit Locket of Boreas
Andrius

Dvalin's Plume
Dvalin

Dvalin's Claw
Dvalin

Dvalin's Sigh
Dvalin

Tusk of Monoceros Caeli
Tartaglia

Shard of a Foul Legacy
Tartaglia

Shadow of the Warrior
Tartaglia

Ashen Heart
Signora

Hellfire Butterfly
Signora

Molten Moment
Signora

The Meaning of Aeons
Oneiric Euthymia

Mudra of the Malefic General
Oneiric Euthymia

Tears of the Calamitous God
Oneiric Euthymia

Puppet Strings
Joururi Workshop

Mirror of Mushin
Joururi Workshop

Daka's Bell
Joururi Workshop
Character Ascension Materials

Amakumo Fruit

Basalt Pillar

Calla Lily

Cecilia

Cleansing Heart

Cor Lapis

Crystal Marrow

Crystalline Bloom

Damaged Mask

Dandelion Seed

Dendrobium

Dew of Repudiation

Divining Scroll

Dragonheir's False Fin

Everflame Seed

Faded Red Satin

Firm Arrowhead

Fluorescent Fungus

Fungal Spores

Glaze Lily

Henna Berry

Hoarfrost Core

Hurricane Seed

Juvenile Jade

Jueyun Chili

Kalpalata Lotus

Light Guiding Tetrahedron

Lightning Prism

Majestic Hooked Beak

Marionette Core

Naku Weed

Nilotpala Lotus

Noctilous Jade

Old Handguard

Onikabuto

Padisarah

Perpetual Caliber

Perpetual Heart

Philanemo Mushroom

Pseudo-Stamens

Qingxin

Quelled Creeper

Recruit's Insignia

Redcrest

Riftborn Regalia

Rukkhashava Mushrooms

Runic Fang

Sakura Bloom

Sand Grease Pupa

Sango Pearl

Scarab

Sea Ganoderma

Silk Flower

Slime Condensate

Small Lamp Grass

Smoldering Pearl

Spectral Husk

Starconch

Storm Beads

Thunderclap Fruitcore

Treasure Hoarder Insignia

Valberry

Violetgrass

Whopperflower Nectar

Windwheel Aster

Wolfhook
Weapon Ascension Materials

Branch
Monday, Thursday

Decarabian
Monday, Thursday

Guyun
Monday, Thursday

Talisman of the Forest Dew
Monday, Thursday

Boreal Wolf
Tuesday, Friday

Mist Veiled Elixir
Tuesday, Friday

Narukami
Tuesday, Friday

Oasis Garden
Tuesday, Friday

Aerosiderite
Wednesday, Saturday

Dandelion Gladiator
Wednesday, Saturday

Mask
Wednesday, Saturday

Scorching Might
Wednesday, Saturday